Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurs in 8–20% of liver transplant (LT) cases despite adherence to selection criteria like the Milan criteria, indicating a need for better patient selection and post-transplant care. This review focuses on managing HCC recurrence post-LT, particularly the emerging role of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). While surgery and locoregional therapies are preferred, systemic treatments—especially tyrosine kinase inhibitors—are often used when disease is widespread.
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